Gloss Tags

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Glossing tag Tag description Gloss class GOLD Reference 
AGRagreementAgreeement
SstrongAgreement
STstrongAgreement
WweakAgreement
CONSverbmarking in SVCs (e.g. in Akan)Akan
ANanimateAnimacyAnimateGender
ANIManimateAnimacyAnimateGender
HUMhumanAnimacyHumanGender
INANIMInanimateAnimacyInanimateGender
ADDadditiveAspect
ASPaspect - underspecifiedAspect
CESSIVEcessative=egressiveAspect
CMPLcompletiveAspect
CONTcontinuousAspect
DURdurativeAspect
DYNdynamicAspect
EGRegressiveAspect
FREQfrequentiveAspect
HABhabitualAspect
IMPFImperfectiveAspect
INCEPinceptiveAspect
INCHOinchoativeAspect
INCOMPL incomplete=imperfectiveAspect
INGRingressiveAspect
INTSintensiveAspect
IPFVimperfectiveAspect
ITERiterativeAspect
ITRiterative Aspect
PERFperfect(ive)Aspect
PFVperfectiveAspect
PNCTpunctualAspect
PRFperfect(ive)Aspect
PROGprogressiveAspect
SEMFsemelfactive Aspect
STATstativeAspect
FVverb-final vowel (Bantu)Bantu
IVinitial vowel (Bantu)Bantu
ABESabessiveCase
ABLablative 'from'Case
ABSabsolutiveCase
ACCaccusativeCase
ADadditive Case
ADESSadessive 'on'Case
ALLallativeCase
BENbenefactiveCase
CASEcase marker - underspecifiedCase
COMITcomitativeCase
CONTLcontlativeCase
DATdativeCase
DELdelative 'down from'Case
DESTdestinative 'to'Case
ELATelative 'out of'Case
EQTequativeCase
ERGergativeCase
ESSessiveCase
GENgenitiveCase
ILLillative 'into'Case
INEinessive 'inside'Case
INESSinessive 'inside'Case
INSTRinstrumentalCase
LATlativeCase
MALFmalfactiveCase
NOMnominativeCase
PERLperlativeCase
POSSpossessiveCase
PRTVpartitiveCase
TERterminalisCase
VIALvialisCase
VOCvocativeCase
CLITadvcliticized adverbCliticization
CLITdetcliticized determinerCliticization
CLITncliticized nounCliticization
CLITp cliticized prepositionCliticization
CLITproncliticized pronounCliticization
CLITvcliticized verbCliticization
DEFdefiniteDefiniteness
INDEFindefiniteDefiniteness
SGbarebare singular (e.g. used in Norwegian)Definiteness
APPROXapproximateDeixis
DISTdistral 'remote'Deixis
DIST2far distral Deixis
DXSdeixisDeixis
MEDIALmedial Deixis
PROXproximalDeixis
ADJ>ADVdeadjectival adverbDerivation
ADJ>Nnoun derived from an adjectiveDerivation
ADJ>Vdeadjectival verbDerivation
N>Anoun-to-adjectiveDerivation
N>ADJdenominal adjectiveDerivation
NMLZnominalizerDerivation
NUM>Nnumeral used as nounDerivation
N>Vdenominal verbDerivation
V>ADJdeverbal adjectiveDerivation
V>ADVverb-to-adverbDerivation
vblverbalDerivation
>VitrintransitivizerDerivation
V>Ndeverbal nounDerivation
>VtrtransitivizerDerivation
ACAUSanti-causativeDiathesis
APASSanti-passiveDiathesis
APPLapplicativeDiathesis
CAUScausativeDiathesis
DRdirectDiathesis
PASSpassiveDiathesis
ASRTassertiveForce
DECLdeclarativeForce
EXCLexclamativeForce
IMPimperativeForce
IMP1imperativeForce
IMP2imperativeForce
INDindicativeForce
INTRinterrogativeForce
MAVMmain clause affirmativeForce
RPSreported speechForce
COMMcommon genderGender
FfeminineGender
FEMfeminine Gender
MmasculineGender
MASCmasculineGender
NEUTneuterGender
COMPLcomplementGrammatical Function
DOdirect objectGrammatical Function
ICVinherient complement verb (Akan)Grammatical Function
OBJobjectGrammatical Function
OBJ2second objectGrammatical Function
objcogncognate objectGrammatical Function
OBJindindirect object Grammatical Function
OBLobliqueGrammatical Function
OMobject markerGrammatical Function
SBJsubjectGrammatical Function
SCsmall clause Grammatical Function
SMsubject marker Grammatical Function
SUBJsubjectGrammatical Function
TEMPtemporalGrammatical Function
AFFMTaffirmativeMood
CNTVcontativeMood
CONDconditional 'if' or conditional 'would'Mood
CONJconjunctive=subjunctiveMood
CONTPcontemporativeMood
EVIDevidentialMood
JUSSjussiveMood
MODmoodMood
OPToptativeMood
RLSrealisMood
SBJVsubjunctiveMood
CLnoun class markerNoun Class
CL1noun class 1Noun Class
CL10noun class 10Noun Class
CL11noun class 11Noun Class
CL12noun class 12Noun Class
CL13noun class 13Noun Class
CL14noun class 14Noun Class
CL15noun class 15Noun Class
CL16noun class 16Noun Class
CL17noun class 17Noun Class
CL18noun class 18Noun Class
CL2noun class 2Noun Class
CL20noun class 20Noun Class
CL21noun class 21Noun Class
CL22noun class 22Noun Class
CL23noun class 23Noun Class
CL3noun class 3Noun Class
CL4noun class 4Noun Class
CL5noun class 5Noun Class
CL6noun class 6Noun Class
CL7noun class 7Noun Class
CL8noun class 8Noun Class
CL9noun class 9Noun Class
CMclass markerNoun Class
Nprefnoun prefixNoun Class
landmarkproper nouns indicating landmarksNoun Ontology
DUdualNumber
PLpluralNumber
SGsingularNumber
xmultiply by (used in number systems)Number
11st personPerson Number
1P1st person pluralPerson Number
1Pexclfirst person exclusivePerson Number
1Pinclfirst person inclusivePerson Number
1PL1st person pluralPerson Number
1SG1st person singularPerson Number
22nd personPerson Number
2PL2nd person pluralPerson Number
2SG2nd person singularPerson Number
33rd personPerson Number
3P3rd person pluralPerson Number
3PL3rd person pluralPerson Number
3Pobv3 person obviativePerson Number
3Pprox3 person proximativePerson Number
3SG3rd person singularPerson Number
PARTpart-ofRelation
2HMLaddressee-humbleRespect
2HONaddressee-honorificRespect
HONhonorific Respect
AGTagentSemantic Role
GOALgoalSemantic Role
PSSEEpossesseeSemantic Role
PSSORpossessorSemantic Role
PTpatientSemantic Role
SRCsourceSemantic Role
THthemeSemantic Role
CIRCMcircumscribeSpace
CTedcontainedSpace
DIRdirectionalSpace
ENDPNTendpoint Space
EXTexteriorSpace
INTinteriorSpace
LINElineSpace
LOClocativeSpace
MNRmannerSpace
PATHpathSpace
SPTLspatialSpace
STARTPNTstartpointSpace
VIAPNTviapointSpace
MOmotionSpatial
DMdiscourse markerSpeech
MUmarked useSpeech
PSpauseSpeech
ANTanteriorTense
AORaoristTense
FUTfutureTense
FUTcloseclose future Tense
FUTimimmediate futureTense
FUTnearnear futureTense
FUTrelrelative futureTense
FUTrmremote future Tense
NFnon-futureTense
NFUTnon-futureTense
NPASTnon-pastTense
PASTpast perceived as a wholeTense
PASThsthesternal past: yesterday or earlier but not remoteTense
PASTimvery recent, in the last minute or soTense
PASTpastpast in the pastTense
PASTrein the last few daysTense
PASTrelrelative pastTense
PASTrmmore than a few days agoTense
PRESpresentTense
PRETpreteriteTense
PRS presentTense
PST pastTense
FOCfocusTheme Rheme
TOPtopicTheme Rheme
FTfootTone
Hhigh toneTone
!Hdownstep highTone
Llow toneTone
MTmid toneTone
RTrelative toneTone
CVconverbVerb Form
GER1gerund IVerb Form
GER2gerund IIVerb Form
INFinfinitive Verb Form
itrintransitiveVerb Form
PREDpredicativeVerb Form
SUsupinum 'infinitival verb formVerb Form
Vstemverbal stemVerb Form
ACTIVEactive voice Voice
ABBabbreviation
ART
ASSadnominal
ATTattributive
AUXauxiliaryAuxiliary
CMPRcomparative
CO-EVco-event
CONSECconsecutive 'so that'
COPcopular
DIMdiminutive
DISTRIBdistributive
EMPHemphatic
EXPLETexpletive
GNRgeneric
NEGnegation
NEGPOLnegative polarity
POSPOLpositive polarity
QUOTquotation
RECPreciprocal
REDPreduplication
REFLreflexive
RELrelativisation
SUPsuperlative
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