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Difference between revisions of "Agreement in Norwegian noun phrases"

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This page serves for quick reference related to [[A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer]].  
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This page relates to the application '''A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer''', see [[A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer]].
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On clicking on the icon below, you will come to the Sparrer: 
 +
 
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[[File:Troll1.jpeg‎|100px|link=http://regdili.hf.ntnu.no:8081/studentAce/parse]],
 +
 
 +
Instructions for its use are found at [[Classroom:Norwegian Grammar Checking]]
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 +
 
 +
='''Agreement in Norwegian noun phrases'''=
  
 
For a broader exposition of the noun and noun phrase, see [[The Noun Phrase - Norwegian]].
 
For a broader exposition of the noun and noun phrase, see [[The Noun Phrase - Norwegian]].
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all three items have to agree with each other with respect to gender, number and definiteness (and when only two occur, they of course need to agree). So, if one item is masculine gender, they all are:
 
all three items have to agree with each other with respect to gender, number and definiteness (and when only two occur, they of course need to agree). So, if one item is masculine gender, they all are:
a    '''Det''' '''[Masc]''' '''Adj''' '''[Masc'''] '''N''' ['''Masc''']
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    a    '''Det''' '''[Masc]''' '''Adj''' '''[Masc'''] '''N''' ['''Masc''']
 
If one item is feminine gender, they all are:
 
If one item is feminine gender, they all are:
b    '''Det [Fem]                 Adj [Fem]         N [Fem]'''
+
    b    '''Det [Fem]         Adj [Fem]         N [Fem]'''
 
And if one item is neuter gender, they all are:
 
And if one item is neuter gender, they all are:
c    '''Det [Neut]         Adj [Neut]         N [Neut]'''
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    c    '''Det [Neut]         Adj [Neut]         N [Neut]'''
  
For number it is the same thing; so if one item is singular, they all are, and likewise for plural:
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For number it is the same thing - if one item is singular, they all are, and likewise if one of them is plural:
  
d    '''Det [Sing] Adj [Sing] N [Sing]'''
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    d    '''Det [Sing] Adj [Sing] N [Sing]'''
  e    '''Det [Plur]         Adj [Plur]         N [Plur]'''
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  or
 +
    e    '''Det [Plur]         Adj [Plur]         N [Plur]'''
  
The third marked property is that of definiteness, and if we distinguish just between 'definite' and 'indefinite', then the same 'all-with-one' pattern obtains:
+
The third marked property is that of definiteness, and if we distinguish just between 'definite' and 'indefinite', then the same 'all-with-one' patterns obtain:
  
f    '''Det [Definite] Adj [Definite] N [Definite]'''
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    f    '''Det [Definite] Adj [Definite] N [Definite]'''
  g    '''Det [Indefinite]         Adj [Indefinite] N [Indefinite]'''
+
  or
 +
    g    '''Det [Indefinite]         Adj [Indefinite] N [Indefinite]'''
 
 
 
 
 +
The exact way in which these properties are expressed differs: Nouns per se have one of the three genders (see [[Gender in Norwegian nouns]]), but you cannot see from the bare stem of a noun which gender it has. Number is expressed by an ending for plural vs no marking for singular. Definiteness is expressed partly by an ending on the noun, partly by a freestanding determiner (see [[Definite determiners in Norwegian]]); some determiners and quantifiers count as indefinite, some as definite (on exactly why, see [[The Noun Phrase - Norwegian]]). These items sometimes reflect the gender of the noun as well. Moreover, there is normally at most one inflectional 'morph' per word which signals any of these properties, and so this morph can signal more than one of the properties simultaneously.
  
The forms used in these patterns are not always distinct from those in other patterns, as shown below. Moreover, the words or forms carrying these types of information often carry more than one type of information at the same time, so that one phrase normally exemplifies three patterns combined. The following are examples of such combined patterns:
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Thus, the way in which an item 'has' gender, number or definiteness varies a lot across Det, Adj and N, but in a bird's eye perspective, one can still keep the pattern now explained in mind. We here list examples of the combinations that are possible from this bird's eye perspective:
  
  Masculine+Singular+Indefinite (a+d+g):  ''en snill gutt''
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  Masculine+Singular+Indefinite (a+d+g):  ''en snill gutt'' ('a kind boy')
  
  Feminine+Singular+Indefinite ( b+d+g): ''ei snill jente''
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  Feminine+Singular+Indefinite ( b+d+g): ''ei snill jente'' ('a kind girl')
  
  Neuter+Singular+Indefinite (c+d+g):  ''et stort hus''
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  Neuter+Singular+Indefinite (c+d+g):  ''et stort hus'' ('a big house')
  
  Masculine+Singular+Definite (a+d+f): ''den snille gutten''
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  Masculine+Singular+Definite (a+d+f): ''den snille gutten'' ('the kind boy')
  
  Feminine+Singular+Definite (b+d+f):  ''den snille jenta''
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  Feminine+Singular+Definite (b+d+f):  ''den snille jenta'' ('the kind girl')
  
  Neuter+Singular+Definite (c+d+f):  ''det store huset''
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  Neuter+Singular+Definite (c+d+f):  ''det store huset'' ('the big house')
  
  Masculine+Plural+Indefinite (a+e+g): ''noen snille gutter''
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  Masculine+Plural+Indefinite (a+e+g): ''noen snille gutter'' ('some kind boys')
  
  Feminine+Plural+Indefinite (b+e+g): ''noen snille jenter''
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  Feminine+Plural+Indefinite (b+e+g): ''noen snille jenter'' ('some kind girls')
  
  Neuter+Plural+Indefinite (c+e+g): ''noen store hus''
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  Neuter+Plural+Indefinite (c+e+g): ''noen store hus'' ('some big houses')
  
  Masculine+Plural+Definite (a+e+f): ''de snille guttene''
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  Masculine+Plural+Definite (a+e+f): ''de snille guttene'' ('the kind boys')
  
  Feminine+Plural+Definite (b+e+f): ''de snille jentene''
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  Feminine+Plural+Definite (b+e+f): ''de snille jentene'' ('the kind girls')
  
  Feminine+Plural+Definite (c+e+f): ''de store husene''
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  Neuter+Plural+Definite (c+e+f): ''de store husene'' ('the big houses')
 
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Below we show the sentences with glossing showing the contribution of each part of the words:
+
  
 +
We then illustrate the example sentences such that you can see exactly which morphs carry which information - see the specifications in blue.
 +
As mentioned, there is at most one inflectional 'morph' - that is, word-part - per word which signals any of the properties mentioned. When it does, this morph can thus signal more than one of the properties simultaneously. For instance, in the first example below, ''en'' is marked as INDEF.SG.MASC, thus for all the properties in question, whereas the other markings only show for some of INDEF, SG, and MASC. Note that the latter are however ''compatible'' with the full marking on "en".
  
 
<Phrase>421989</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>421989</Phrase>
 +
 +
 +
 
<Phrase>421990</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>421990</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>421991</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>421991</Phrase>
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<Phrase>421999</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>421999</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>422000</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>422000</Phrase>
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 +
  
  
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In the ''strong'' form, i.e., when occurring in the indefinite pattern, the adjective has the following inflections:
 
In the ''strong'' form, i.e., when occurring in the indefinite pattern, the adjective has the following inflections:
  
with a masculine singular noun:  '''''-Ø'''''
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with a masculine singular noun:  ''no ending''
  
with a feminine singular noun: '''''-Ø'''''
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with a feminine singular noun: ''no ending''
  
 
with a neuter singular noun: '''''-t'''''  
 
with a neuter singular noun: '''''-t'''''  
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(As may be be noted, weak form and strong plural form are identical.)
 
(As may be be noted, weak form and strong plural form are identical.)
  
Adjectives ending in '''''-a''''' generally have '''''-Ø''''' in all forms.
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Adjectives ending in '''''-a''''' generally have ''no ending'' in all forms.
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 +
 
 +
===Related pages===
 +
[[The Noun Phrase - Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Definite determiners in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Possessive constructions in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Gender in Norwegian nouns]]
 +
 
 +
[[Coordination marking in Norwegian]][[Sentence syntax - Norwegian]]
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[[Sentence syntax - Norwegian]]
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 +
[[Subject-Verb Inversion in Norwegian]]
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 +
[[Sentence adverbials in Norwegian]]
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 +
[[Verb Complementation - Norwegian]]
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 +
[[Infinitives in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Past and Perfective patterns in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Personal pronouns in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Reflexives - Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Reflexive verbs in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
[[Verb - Preposition expressions in Norwegian]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
--[[User:Lars Hellan|Lars Hellan]] ([[User talk:Lars Hellan|talk]]) 21:02, 27 December 2015 (CET)
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 +
[[Category:Norwegian Grammar]]

Latest revision as of 19:33, 23 April 2016

This page relates to the application A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer, see A Norwegian Grammar Sparrer.

On clicking on the icon below, you will come to the Sparrer:

Troll1.jpeg,

Instructions for its use are found at Classroom:Norwegian Grammar Checking


Agreement in Norwegian noun phrases

For a broader exposition of the noun and noun phrase, see The Noun Phrase - Norwegian.


In the pattern:

               Det(erminer)	Adj(ective)	N(oun)

all three items have to agree with each other with respect to gender, number and definiteness (and when only two occur, they of course need to agree). So, if one item is masculine gender, they all are:

    a     Det [Masc]		Adj [Masc]		N [Masc]

If one item is feminine gender, they all are:

    b     Det [Fem]	        Adj [Fem]	        N [Fem]

And if one item is neuter gender, they all are:

    c     Det [Neut]	        Adj [Neut]	        N [Neut]

For number it is the same thing - if one item is singular, they all are, and likewise if one of them is plural:

    d     Det [Sing]		Adj [Sing]		N [Sing]
or
    e     Det [Plur]	        Adj [Plur]	        N [Plur]

The third marked property is that of definiteness, and if we distinguish just between 'definite' and 'indefinite', then the same 'all-with-one' patterns obtain:

    f     Det [Definite]		Adj [Definite]		 N [Definite]
or
    g     Det [Indefinite]	        Adj [Indefinite]	 N [Indefinite]
		

The exact way in which these properties are expressed differs: Nouns per se have one of the three genders (see Gender in Norwegian nouns), but you cannot see from the bare stem of a noun which gender it has. Number is expressed by an ending for plural vs no marking for singular. Definiteness is expressed partly by an ending on the noun, partly by a freestanding determiner (see Definite determiners in Norwegian); some determiners and quantifiers count as indefinite, some as definite (on exactly why, see The Noun Phrase - Norwegian). These items sometimes reflect the gender of the noun as well. Moreover, there is normally at most one inflectional 'morph' per word which signals any of these properties, and so this morph can signal more than one of the properties simultaneously.

Thus, the way in which an item 'has' gender, number or definiteness varies a lot across Det, Adj and N, but in a bird's eye perspective, one can still keep the pattern now explained in mind. We here list examples of the combinations that are possible from this bird's eye perspective:

Masculine+Singular+Indefinite (a+d+g):  en snill gutt ('a kind boy')
Feminine+Singular+Indefinite ( b+d+g): ei snill jente ('a kind girl')
Neuter+Singular+Indefinite (c+d+g):  et stort hus ('a big house')
Masculine+Singular+Definite (a+d+f): den snille gutten ('the kind boy')
Feminine+Singular+Definite (b+d+f):  den snille jenta ('the kind girl')
Neuter+Singular+Definite (c+d+f):  det store huset ('the big house')
Masculine+Plural+Indefinite (a+e+g): noen snille gutter ('some kind boys')
Feminine+Plural+Indefinite (b+e+g): noen snille jenter ('some kind girls')
Neuter+Plural+Indefinite (c+e+g): noen store hus ('some big houses')
Masculine+Plural+Definite (a+e+f): de snille guttene ('the kind boys')
Feminine+Plural+Definite (b+e+f): de snille jentene ('the kind girls')
Neuter+Plural+Definite (c+e+f): de store husene ('the big houses')

We then illustrate the example sentences such that you can see exactly which morphs carry which information - see the specifications in blue. As mentioned, there is at most one inflectional 'morph' - that is, word-part - per word which signals any of the properties mentioned. When it does, this morph can thus signal more than one of the properties simultaneously. For instance, in the first example below, en is marked as INDEF.SG.MASC, thus for all the properties in question, whereas the other markings only show for some of INDEF, SG, and MASC. Note that the latter are however compatible with the full marking on "en".

en snill gutt.
en
en
INDEFSGMASC
ART
snill
snill
kindINDEFSG
ADJ
gutt
gutt
boyMASC
N



ei snill jente.
ei
ei
INDEFFEMSG
ART
snill
snill
kindINDEFSG
ADJ
jente
jente
girlFEM
N
et stort hus.
et
et
INDEFNEUTSG
ART
stort
stort
largeINDEFNEUTSG
ADJ
hus
hus
houseNEUT
N
den snille gutten.
den
den
DEFMASCSG
DET
snille
snille
kindDEF
ADJ
gutten
gutten
boyMASCDEFMASCSG
N
den snille jenta.
den
den
DEFFEMSG
DET
snille
snille
kindDEF
ADJ
jenta
jenta
girlFEMDEFFEMSG
N
det store huset.
det
det
DEFNEUTSG
DET
store
store
largeDEF
ADJ
huset
huset
houseNEUTDEFNEUTSG
N
noen snille gutter.
noen
noen
PLINDEF
QUANT
snille
snille
kindPL
ADJ
gutter
gutter
boyMASCINDEFPLMASC
N
noen snille jenter.
noen
noen
somePLINDEF
QUANT
snille
snille
kindPLINDEF
ADJ
jenter
jenter
girlINDEFPL
N
noen store hus.
noen
noen
somePLINDEF
QUANT
store
store
 PL
ADJ
hus
hus
NEUTPLINDEF
N
de snille guttene.
de
de
PLDEF
DET
snille
snille
kindPLDEF
ADJ
guttene
guttene
boyMASCPLDEF
N
de snille jentene.
de
de
PLDEF
DET
snille
snille
kindPLDEF
ADJ
jentene
jentene
girlFEMPLDEF
N
de store husene.
de
de
PLDEF
DET
store
store
largePLDEF
ADJ
husene
husene
houseNEUTPLDEF
N



We now comment on the forms that can fill the slots exemplified:

Determiners

Determiners as a category comprise articles, demonstrative pronouns and quantifiers. Some of these items are listed below, in the required forms relative to the specification of the noun:

Occurring with a masculine noun

when ‘indefinite singular’: en (article), noen (quantifier, countable), noe (quantifier, non-countable), hver (univ. quantifier), all (quantifier, non-countable)

when ‘indefinite plural’: noen (quantifier), alle (univ.quantifier), ), begge (univ. quantifier for two), disse (demonstrative)

when ‘definite singular’ : den (article or demonstrative), all (quantifier, non-countable), denne (demonstrative)

when ‘definite plural’.: de (article or demonstrative), alle (univ.quantifier), begge (univ. quantifier for two), disse (demonstrative)


Occurring with a feminine noun

– same as for masculine, except for using indefinite singular ei rather then en.


Occurring with a neuter noun

when ‘indefinite singular’: et (article), noe (quantifier, countable), noe (quantifier, non-countable), hvert (univ. quantifier), alt (quantifier, non-countable)

when ‘indefinite plural’: noen (quantifier), alle (univ.quantifier), ), begge (univ. quantifier for two), disse (demonstrative)

when ‘definite singular’ : det (article or demonstrative), alt (quantifier, non-countable), dette (demonstrative)

when ‘definite plural’.: de (article or demonstrative), alle (univ.quantifier), begge (univ. quantifier for two), disse (demonstrative)

The constellations where a (definite) article or demonstrative occurs together with a definite form of the noun (singular or plural) is generally referred to as ‘double definiteness’. Since these manifestations of 'definiteness' can in principle occur independently of each other, we need to distinguish between noun-definiteness and det-definiteness, the former residing in the definite noun suffix, the latter in a definite article, a demonstrative or - to be seen below - a genitive.


Adjectives

When an adjective occurs in the ‘definite’ pattern, it has a so-called weak form, ending in –e.

In the strong form, i.e., when occurring in the indefinite pattern, the adjective has the following inflections:

with a masculine singular noun: no ending

with a feminine singular noun: no ending

with a neuter singular noun: -t

with a plural noun, any gender: -e

(As may be be noted, weak form and strong plural form are identical.)

Adjectives ending in -a generally have no ending in all forms.


Related pages

The Noun Phrase - Norwegian

Definite determiners in Norwegian

Possessive constructions in Norwegian

Gender in Norwegian nouns

Coordination marking in NorwegianSentence syntax - Norwegian

Sentence syntax - Norwegian

Subject-Verb Inversion in Norwegian

Sentence adverbials in Norwegian

Verb Complementation - Norwegian

Infinitives in Norwegian

Past and Perfective patterns in Norwegian

Personal pronouns in Norwegian

Reflexives - Norwegian

Reflexive verbs in Norwegian

Verb - Preposition expressions in Norwegian



--Lars Hellan (talk) 21:02, 27 December 2015 (CET)