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Difference between revisions of "Classroom:Ewe Noun Phrases"

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=====Possessive Nominals=====
  
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NP Ď NP / PRO Ď NP
  
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NP → N POSS N
  
NP → N POSS N                    NP → Pron POSS N
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Revision as of 10:48, 21 April 2011

This page was created as an in-classroom exercise in LING 2208, NTNU

By Mercy Motte and Mango K. Bodua



Syntax of Ewe Noun Phrases

Simple Noun Phrases

The simple nominal phrase consists of only the nucleus which can be a noun or a pronoun and occasionally quantifier. [1] See re-write rule and example below.


NP → N/Pron/Quant


Noun only Eg.

agbà “load”


agbà
“load”
agbà
agbà
load
N


Pronoun only Eg.

é
“He/She/It”
é
é
3SG
 


Quantifier only

ɖeka
“one”
ɖeka
ɖeka
one
QUANT




Complex Noun Phrases

a. Complex noun phrases consist of the nucleus followed by one or more other elements of the structure. These more elements added to the nucleus is referred to as nominal modifiers. These include, adjectives, quantifiers, determiners, plural marker "wo", intensifiers. [1] [2]

Eg. NP → N/Pron/Quant (ADJ)*(QUANT)(DEM/DET)(PL)(INT)*


ɖevi lolo dzɔtsu eve ma wo ko
“those two big and stout children alone”
ɖevi
ɖevi
child
N
lolo
lolo
big
ADJ
dzɔtsu
dzɔtsu
stout
ADJ
eve
eve
two
QUANT
ma
ma
that
DEM
wo
wo
PL
 
ko
ko
INTER
PRT


b. Complex noun phrases can also have a nucleus which is preceded and followed by a nominal modifier. See re-write rule and an example.


NP → (INT)N/Pron/Quant (ADJ)*(QUANT)(DEM/DET)(PL)(INT)* [3]

neném ŋutsu ŋutasẽla ene sia wo koŋ
“these four wicked men”
neném
neném
INTER
PRT
ŋutsu
ŋutsu
man
N
ŋutasẽla
ŋutasẽla
wicked
ADJ
ene
ene
four
QUANT
sia
sia
this
DEM
wo
wo
PL
PN
koŋ
koŋ
INTER
PRT


Possessive Nominals

NP Ď NP / PRO Ď NP

NP → N POSS N

NP → Pron POSS N

Aku Ď awu
“Aku's dress”
Aku
aku
Aku
Np
Ď
Ď
POSS
 
awu
awu
dress
N


é ƒé agbalẽ
“He/she/it's book”
é
é
3SG
PN
Ď
Ď
POSS
 
agbalẽ
agbalẽ
book
N


2. A noun phrase can be followed immediately by a determiner. Eg. nyɔnu la “the woman” meaning the noun phrase is left headed.


nyɔnu la
“the woman”
nyɔnu
nyɔnu
woman
N
la
la
AFFMT
DET



3. Nouns in Ewe are inflected for number. The plural suffix is ‘’wo’’ which is normally attached to nouns as a suffix. For example, Ðeviwo “children”

Ðeviwo
“children”
Ðeviwo
Ðeviwo
children
N


However, anytime there is the presence of definite (la), it contracts to ‘’a’’ and then infixes itself between the noun and its plural suffix. Eg.

Ðeviawo “the children”


Ðeviawo
“the children”
Ðeviawo
Ðeviawo
childDEFPL
N


Morphology of Ewe Noun Phrases

4. All post noun modifying elements for example, adjectives in the noun phrase precede the definite marker or the demonstrative. The noun phrase is left headed. Egs. Ðevi sue sia“this small child”


Ðevi sue sia
“this small child”
Ðevi
Ðevi
child
N
sue
sue
small
ADJ
sia
sia
this
DEM



Ðevi lolo la “the big/fat child”

Ðevi lolo la
“the big/fat child”
Ðevi
Ðevi
child
N
lolo
lolo
big
ADJ
la
la
AFFMT
DET


5. Some noun phrases in Ewe are actually prepositional phrases in English when translated. This is interesting. Find an example below.

Le nukpɔkpɔ me la
“In the video”
L è
l è
PRES
 
nukpɔkpɔ
nukpɔkpɔ
video
N
me
me
inCTed
PPOST
la
la
DEF
DET

Semantics of Ewe Noun Phrases

6. Complex nouns exist in the Ewe language made up of different and unique morphemes. Compound words have this phenomenon. One can do a morphology of these complex nouns. See the breakdown of an example below.

xexeame
“World”
xexeame
xexeame
outsideDEFLOC
N

The example above is made up of the noun - outside, the AFFIRMATIVE (Det) marker - a (this is the contracted form of la and the LOCATIVE- me [1]

6b. The Morphology of some complex nouns. See examples below.

afɔdzi
“toilet”
afɔdzi
afɔdzi
legon
N
gaƒoɖokui
“clock”
gaƒoɖokui
gaƒoɖokui
metalbeatself
N
aba-dzi-vɔ
“bed spread”
abadzivɔ
abadzi
bedoncloth
N
aliblaka
“belt”
aliblaka
aliblaka
waisttierope
N
zikpui
“chair”
zikpui
zikpui
seatshort
N
nuŋlɔti
“pen/pencil”
nuŋlɔti
nuŋlɔti
somethingwritestick
N
aƒe-me
“home”
aƒeme
aƒeme
houseLOC
N


7. Orthography of the LOCATIVE me in noun phrases In one context as shown below:

xexe-a-me agama-agbalẽ-e
“the world is the skin of a chameleon”
xexeame
xexeame
outsideDEFLOC
N
agamaagbalẽe
agamaagbalẽe
chameleonbookFOC
N


Comparison of Ewe and English

locatives

The LOCATIVE me is written as part of the main noun. In another context as shown below:

Le nukpɔkpɔ me la
“In the video”
L è
l è
PRES
 
nukpɔkpɔ
nukpɔkpɔ
video
N
me
me
inCTed
PPOST
la
la
DEF
DET

The LOCATIVE me stands all alone; not attached to the main noun. This is so because orthographically it is allowed and again, the context for their usage is also different. In one context, it helps create a complex noun and in the other context, it behaves as a unique morpheme, standing all alone to make the phrase complete.

8. Some Nouns are polysemous. See examples below

“ear/mountain/pound”
ear/mountain/pound
 
“money/metal”
money/metal
N


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Agbetsoamedo Yvonne Ami Dzigbodi (Master's Thesis - 2006) Syntactic Pattern in the Ewe Noun Phrase & A small computational grammar fragment of Ewe
  2. A.S Duthie(1996) Introducing Ewe Linguistic Patterns
  3. Felix Ameka(1991) Ewe: 1st Grammatical Constructions and Illocutionary Devices (PhD Thesis)